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In eukaryotes, most of the DNA (genetic material and nucleic acids) is contained in the nucleus, which is a large organelle surrounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane. The genetic material in the nucleus takes the form of linear chromosomes composed of DNA and proteins. Chromosomes are usually not clearly visible, except during cell division. The nuclear membrane contains pores that link it with the cytoplasm. You can see these pores in Figure 2.5.2. The information for the synthesis of new proteins is present in the DNA. The most visible structure inside the nucleus of a non-dividing cell is the nucleolus. The nucleolus is composed of proteins, DNA and RNA, and is where ribosomes are assembled. Ribosomes Cells contain many thousands of ribosomes, which are only about 30 nm in diameter and therefore only visible using an electron microscope. Ribosomes are composed of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and are sites of protein synthesis. They consist of two subunits joined together, as shown in Figure 2.5.3.