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On CPB the PA and LA pressures should be close to zero. PA or LA pressure monitoring is useful during CPB to assess left ventricular distension, in particular in cases where increase in blood flow back to the left heart is expected (cyanotic heart disease, large bronchial flow in chronic lung disease or aortic regurgitation). Care must be taken with PA catheters to ensure that migration of the catheter tip does not occur, leading to “wedging” and sub- sequent PA rupture or infarction of the lung.