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Lecture Eight: Authentication 1. What is Authentication? • Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system. For example, when you log into a website, the system checks your username and password to confirm it's really you. 2. Types of Authentication: • Something You Know: This refers to passwords or PINs that only you should know. For example, when logging into your bank account, you use a password to prove your identity. • Something You Have: This involves using a physical object like a smartphone or security token. For instance, two-factor authentication often requires you to enter a code sent to your phone. • Something You Are: This includes biometric data like fingerprints or facial recognition. For example, many smartphones use fingerprint scans to unlock the device. 3. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): • MFA requires more than one method of authentication, making it harder for attackers to gain access. For example, logging into an account might require both a password (something you know) and a code sent to your phone (something you have). 4. Challenges with Authentication: • Weak Passwords: Many users create simple, easily guessed passwords. For example, using “123456” as a password is weak and makes it easier for attackers to break in. • Phishing: Attackers can trick users into giving up their login details by pretending to be a trusted source. For instance, a phishing email might ask you to “reset” your password by clicking a fake link. 5. Biometric Authentication: • Biometric systems use unique physical traits like fingerprints or facial patterns to authenticate users. For example, Apple’s Face ID uses facial recognition to unlock your phone securely.