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The public display of laws in such a manner likely had a visual impact on common people, suggesting the authority of the government and the potential consequences of violating laws. However, since the legal language was often complex and specialized, legally untrained individuals may not have fully comprehended the laws even after seeing them on display and hearing them read aloud. Therefore, officials likely had the responsibility to explain the contents of the laws to commoners, making the method of displaying laws in public places reliant on a combination of both the written word and oral communication. Despite the available sources, we cannot know exactly how well laws that were essential for the common people to know were disseminated to them in Qin and Western Han China; However, research from various perspectives suggests that the general populace likely possessed some level of legal knowledge. Evidence indicates that people in Qin and Western Han China actively participated in various stages of criminal procedures, suggesting a familiarity with legal concepts. Additionally, different versions of “The Document of the Edict of the Dove-headed Staff” suggest that the manuscripts were likely copied by common people from the original edict circulated among them after its promulgation. In conclusion, recent archaeological findings shed light on the centralized state control exerted over officials and common people in Qin and Western Han China through law enforcement. The effectiveness of this control relied heavily on the dissemination of laws to all levels of society. This discussion offers valuable insights into how laws were managed, disseminated, and enforced across the vast territory of early imperial China, providing a more comprehensive understanding of governance practices during that period. That concludes my presentation. Thank you all for your attention. Any questions or comments would be greatly appreciated.