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following the longest psychiatric malpractice trial in US history, a Minnesota court awarded $2.5 million in have in fact installed false memories. damages to David and Lisa Carlson. Lisa's therapist had used hypnosis to "recover" memories, but was deemed to The Royal College of Psychiatrists In 1998, the Royal College of Psychiatrists formed a working party to investigate the risks attached to recovered memory therapy and related issues. The Brandon Report, draws the following conclusions, Evidence does not support the view that memory enhancement techniques actually enhance memory. There is evidence to support the view that these are powerful and dangerous methods of persuasion. [.] there is sufficient evidence of distortion and/or elaboration of memories to assert that entirely new and false memories can be created, not only experimentally but also in clinical practice. The evidence suggests that this is true of [.] drug abreaction, hypnosis, age regression, dream interpretation, imagistic work, 'feelings work', art therapy, survivors' groups. With regard to the theory of repression, they note, Despite widespread clinical support and popular belief that memories can be 'blocked out' by the mind, no empirical evidence exists to support either repression or dissociation. There is no evidence to support the wholesale forgetting of repeated experiences of abuse, nor of single episodes of brutality or sadistic assault, apart from the normal experience of infantile amnesia. No evidence exists for the repression and recovery of verified, severely traumatic events, and their role in symptom formation has yet to be proved. Given the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse, even if only a small proportion are repressed and only some of them are subsequently recovered, there should be a significant number of corroborated cases. In fact there are none. Some further points are worth emphasising. Some individuals find it very difficult to imagine how anyone could be deceived into believing that traumatic events such as sexual abuse happened when in fact the memoriesare false. By comparison, however, it is worth bearing in mind that many people who undergo past-life regression or recover memories of alien abduction are thoroughly convinced of traumatic events in previous incarnations or in outer space, which others might find implausible. For sceptics, these cases provide clear evidence of the extent towhich false memories recovered during therapy by means of techniques like hypnosis can become very vivid, detailed and utterly convincing to the client. How much easier would it be for a clientto falsely convince themselves that they can remember some far more mundane event, however, such as being bitten by a dog whenthey were a child? The BPS Guidance on Recovered Memories In response to the growing controversy in the 1990s, the American Psychiatric Association and American Psychological Association published specific guidelines on handling recovered memories in therapy. In 2000, the British Psychological Society (BPS) followed suit and published a document entitled "Guidelines for Psychologists Working with Clients in Contexts in which Issues Related to Recovered Memories may Arise." This contains their official recommendations based upon the research reviewed by their recovered memory working party, tonom As the result of extensive review by the Society and other bodies there can be no doubt for psychologists of the existence of child sexual abuse (CSA) as a serious social and individual problem commonly with long-lasting effects. In addition there can be little doubt that at least some recovered memories of CSA are recollections of historical events. However, there is genuine cause for concern that some interventions can lead clients to develop illusory memories or may foster false beliefs concerning CSA. Essentially this means that therapists need to keep an open mind as to whether recovered memories are true, false, or somewhere in-between. Psychologists should be alert to a range of possibilities; for example that a recovered memory may be literally/historically true or false, or may be partly true, thematically true or metaphorically true, or may derive from fantasy or dream material. Discovering that some aspects of a 'memory' are displaced, metaphorical, or part of a construction or narrative derived from the therapeutic relationship should not lead psychologists to immediately discount the rest of that memory. Likewise, the discovery that some aspects of a memory are factually accurate does not imply that the whole content of the memory is factual. It is not really possible to establish whether a memory represents factual events without external corroboration. The BPS make it clear that they expect their members to take this issue seriously and to keep themselves up to date with relevant research, ya baloibeninbo varieggs easy but mine! iq nebido arti or Judi bonania sex scumutasio enan ballig til visinumusob.ain for bowelveini.ed of saw 260 et ni gelovni eledongyr Copyright Mindease Limited 2021