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The environmental project undertaken by the State of Israel has had a profound impact on the water, soil, ground, and atmosphere, influencing both the natural environment and political landscape. Samia Henni, In "Deserts Are Not Empty" describes deserts as complex spaces embodying various forms of exploitation, such as colonial dispossession, resource extraction, and civil and military occupation. Across Western societies, deserts are considered “Empty of life”. Francisco E. Robins writes: “Emptiness is not only a means of refusing to acknowledge who lives in the desert, as well as the incredibly important and environmentally necessary flora and fauna of deserts - it's also a means of asserting and proving dominant cultural ideas”. Before the establishment of Israel, the Naqab was designated by Zionists as a “dead area” to be “revived” and David Ben-Gurion set the task of Zionism to “make the desert bloom”. Following that statement, Moshe Dayan, an Israeli military leader, proposed transforming Bedouins into an urban workforce. During 1948, around 90,000 Bedouins were expelled from a population of 101,000, forced into Jordan and Egypt. The emptied lands of the Naqab were handed over to Israeli military, subsidized state public housing, and to 56 Individual settlements distributed throughout Palestinian-populated areas, covering more than 8,000 hectares of land in total. Israel has clear-cut and uprooted tens of thousands of trees to build settlements on Palestinian agricultural and grazing lands, leading to increased soil erosion. “To make things bloom within these manufactured deserts is not a metaphor but an industrial operation, a narrow structure, a historical plot of settler colonialism” Ariella Aisha Azoulay, Imperial Desert Effect. Since 1901, the Jewish National Fund has planted more than 240 million trees in Palestine. The Soil in Palestine underwent processes of colonization and westernization, large chunks of rubble were removed, native plants (i.e. hawthorns, figs, oats, almonds, and olive trees) were uprooted , and approximately 4 million nonnative European species were imported. This act reduced biodiversity and increased floods and wildfires. The National Water Carrier was established to address water shortages in the Negev and overcome climatic, geographical, and geological challenges. It spans 130 kilometers from the Sea of Galilee to the Negev, comprising large pipes, canals, tunnels, reservoirs, and pumping stations. It transfers 1,300 million cubic meters of water annually for various needs. However, the project had catastrophic climatic effects, leading to the near extinction of fauna and flora around the Jordan River. It also contributed to the expansion of settlements and influenced the partition of Palestine in the 1947 UN plan, which designated the “Negev” as part of the Jewish state. Between 1968 and 1979, Israel captured a vast amount of private Palestinian property for military purposes. The relocation of IDF units to the Negev beginning in 2014 increased the population in the area by some 80,000 people and created jobs, while leading to environmental degradation. pollution, military activities, and incarceration facilities. During the 2014 Gaza conflict, the Iron Dome didn't protect the area. Israel's military-industrial complex, a major part of its economy, is a top contributor to global pollution as it's the 10th largest weapons exporter, causing significant ecological damage.