Read Aloud the Text Content

This audio was created by Woord's Text to Speech service by content creators from all around the world.

Text Content or SSML code:

What type of tissue are bones made out of? connective tissue. What is formed where two or more bones meet? a joint. Which type of joints are freely moveable? Synovial joints. What are sinuses? Sinuses are air-filled spaces. within the bones of the skull that are connected to the nasal cavity. Name the bone that forms the forehead? Frontal What are the cheekbones called? zygomatic bones. What are the jawbones called and what do they contain? jawbones are called mandible and they contain teeth. There are two what is the other one called? Maxilla and mandible 2 maxilla bones fuse together forming the upper jaw containing the sockets for the upper teeth and the largest pair of sinuses. 1 mandible bone forming the lower jaw containing the sockets for the lower teeth. Name the bones that make up the base and crown of the head? Base: Cranial Crown: Parietal How many vertebrae make up the length of the neck? Seven What is the name given to the shoulder blades? scapulae. How many pairs of ribs are there? Twelve. What do the ribs attach to at the front of the body? The sternum or breastbone to which some of the ribs attach at the front of the body. What are the names of the top two vertebrae? atlas and axis. What is the percentage of water in the bones? 20%. What is the only synovial joint in the skull? temporomandibular joint or TMJ What are the three bones that contain sinuses? Frontal bone Ethmoid bone Maxillary bones Which bones have an opening for the tear duct? -The maxilla bone, also known as the upper jawbone -Ethmoid Which bones form the floor the wall of the nose and the roof of the mouth? Maxilla, Palatine, Nasal What is the name of the bone in the upper arm? humerus What is the name of the collar bone and how many are there? The collar bone is called the clavicle, and there is one clavicle on each side of the body. What is the acid mantle? combination of sweat and sebum on the skin’s surface. What is erythema? reddening of the skin caused by increased blood circulation to the area. How long would a basic facial take? 60 min State three ways you can be economical with consumables? 1. Use sponges instead of cotton wool. 2. Line the couch with paper, not towels. 3. Only use enough products for use. What temperature would be appropriate for the work environment? 16oC – 18oc What should a ventilation system do? ventilation system in the workplace will replace stale air and draw in fresh air. List 5 hygiene procedures for the therapist? 1. Wash hands (before/after treatment) 2. Tidy/clean uniform 3. Short nails / no varnish 4. Hair up / No jewellery 5. Protective clothing - if necessary Give four examples of why it is important for the client to see hygiene procedures being carried out in the salon? 1. To know she is in a clean environment & have/ gain confidence in the therapist. 2. You will project a ‘Professional’ image. 3. They know they will ‘not pick up any disease’ 4. They will come back to the salon and recommend it to other people, which leads to a ‘successful business. What does sterilisation mean and give an example? Sterilisation is the total destruction of all living microorganisms in metal tools and equipment. Give an example of what you would use to sterilise equipment? Examples of sterilisation – autoclave. What does disinfection mean and give an example? Disinfection is the destruction of most living micro-organisms in non-metal tools, equipment and work areas. Give an example of what you would use to disinfect equipment? Barbicide, surgical spirit. Give two examples of positioning of the client, and why is it important to position the client correctly? The client can lie on the couch flat or semi-reclined. Client has support under the knees and neck when lying on the couch. To avoid potential discomfort and injury by the risk of poor positioning What type of infection is conjunctivitis? Bacterial, viral or fungal? Conjunctivitis is a bacterial infection What type of infection is Herpes Simplex? viral infection. Describe Herpes Zoster. viral - is redness and blisters that develop and form crusts along nerve pathways. Describe a wart. viral - Warts are raised lumps with a rough, dull surface. What is Hyper-keratosis? is thickening of the stratum corneum caused by over-production of the skin’s protein. How would you describe Chloasma? is irregularly shaped patches of pigment maybe on the mouth and upper cheek area. Would Impetigo restrict or prevent a facial? Prevent facial. Would abrasions be restricted or prevented? restrict. How would you avoid cross-infection? Do not treat If we are suspicious that a client may have an eye or skin disease. we must ‘refer them to a GP’ for the correct treatment. What would you do if a client had a reaction during the treatment? If a client has a reaction, stop the treatment, remove the product, apply a cool compress, record details and refer to GP. What effect do the sun and sunbeds have on the skin? Sun and sunbeds cause premature ageing. What are the characteristics of an oily skin? Pores are enlarged, and open pores are stretched ducts or hair follicles. Moisture content is high. Skin is coarse and thick Skin is dull and sallow in colour. Skin tone is good, due to protection of the sebum. Skin is prone to shininess, due to excess sebum production. May be uneven pigmentation. Certain skin disorders may be apparent – comedones, pustules, papules, milia or sebaceous cysts. What are the characteristics of sensitive skin? high colour, broken capillaries, feels warm, flaking, high colouring, tightness. What are the characteristics of a dehydrated skin? The skin has the fine orange-peel effect, superficial flaking and tight, fine superficial lines are seen on the skin, and broken capillaries are common Can you describe an open pore? open pores are stretched ducts or hair follicles. They are enlarged. What are the characteristics of dry skin? Pores are small and tight Moisture content is poor Skin texture is coarse and thin, with patches of visibly flaking skin Tendency towards sensitivity (maybe with broken capillaries) Premature ageing is common Skin pigmentation may be uneven Milia are often found around the cheek and eye area. What are the characteristics of a combination skin? Pores in the T-zone are enlarged, while in the cheek area, they are small to medium. Moisture content is high in the oily areas, but poor in the dry areas Skin is coarse and thick in the oily areas, but thin in the dry areas Skin is sallow in oily areas, but shows sensitivity and high colour in the dry areas. Skin tone is good in the oily areas, but poor in dry areas There is uneven pigmentation, usually seen as Ephelides Maybe blemishes such as pustules and comedones on the oily skin at the T-zone Milia and broken capillaries may appear in the dry areas. What are the characteristics of a normal skin? Pore size is small or medium Moisture content is good Skin texture is even, neither too thick nor too thin Colour is healthy (good blood circulation) Skin elasticity is good, when young Skin feels firm to the touch Skin pigmentation is even-coloured Skin is usually free from blemishes. Why must care be taken when dealing with blemishes on darker skin? Care must be taken when dealing with blemishes on darker skin as scars may occur as the skin heals. Is the skin thinner and less melanin on Caucasian skin? The skin colour is pink. This skin has a lower concentration of melanin and a thinner epidermis so less defence in the presence of UV light. Can you describe a papule? Small solid elevation, superficial and contains no fluid or pus but can be painful/small raised solid painful lumps. What is the difference between a primary lesion and a secondary lesion? Primary lesion is the initial superficial lesion seen in the first stages of a skin disease- and may still be present in later stages. But a Secondary Lesion is the later and often deeper-seated lesion seen as a skin disease progresses. Give four examples of primary lesions? 1. Erythema 2. Pustule 3. Vesicle 4. Macule Can you give 4 examples of secondary lesions? 1. Scale 2. Ulcer 3. Fissure 4. Keloid scar Name the three micro-organisms? 1. Bacteria 2. Virus 3. Fungi How would you recognise a skin disease? shows Redness (erythema) Itchiness (sore) Pus Blood Cracked skin How would you recognise Acne Vulgaris? Oily skin, large open pores, comedones, papules, Inflammation, pustules and if severe cysts. How would you recognise Acne Rosacea? Highly flushed over nose, cheeks, and forehead. Increases temperature and stimulates sebum production. Oily skin / large open pores, skin may appear coarse and lumpy and have papules/pustules Contoured and in severe cases the nose appears bulbous. Give two examples of allergies? 1. Eczema/ Dermatitis 2. Hay fever What is the difference between? Hypo-pigmentation loss of pigment Hyper-pigmentation increase in pigment Give 2 examples of pigmentary disorders? 1. Uneven patches of white skin (varying in size) caused by lack of melanin – most common on black skin – must use sunblock on these patches of skin as they lack melanin 2. Skin lacks melanin so skin and hair appear white and eyes pink – people with this condition must use a sunblock for protection and sunglasses. You have described them but what are the names of these disorders? Hyper–pigmentation: an increase in pigment. e.g. Freckles Hypo-pigmentation: a loss of pigment e.g Vitiligo.