Read Aloud the Text Content

This audio was created by Woord's Text to Speech service by content creators from all around the world.

Text Content or SSML code:

a client who is a smoker may have what kind of skin? think of smoking affecting the skin? Premature Aging chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage collagen and elastin fibres, essential proteins that maintain the skin's elasticity and firmness. Dry and Dull Skin Uneven Skin Tone Yellowish or Grayish Complexion Poor Wound Healing Increased Acne and Breakouts Decreased Skin Elasticity Pronounced Lines Around the Mouth Worsening of Skin Conditions. what muscles flex the neck and rotate the head to the opposite side? sternocleidomastoid muscles, often referred to as the SCM muscles. The SCM muscles are a pair of large, superficial muscles located on each side of the neck. what muscles cause vertical wrinkles between the eyebrow? corrugator what happens to collagen and elastin fibres when the skin starts to age? ( think of production, strength, and process ) As we age, Production of the production of collagen Reduced and elastin in the skin naturally declines. Degradation: In addition to reduced production, collagen and elastin fibres can also undergo degradation over time due to various factors, including exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pollution, and other environmental stressors. This degradation leads to the breakdown of the existing collagen and elastin fibres, further compromising the skin's elasticity and support. Sagging and Loss of Firmness: As the skin loses its supportive collagen and elastin structure, it may sag and lose its firmness. This is especially noticeable in areas like the cheeks, jawline, and neck. Formation of Wrinkles and Fine Lines: The combination of reduced collagen and elastin, along with the effects of environmental damage, leads to the formation of wrinkles, fine lines, and creases in the skin. Loss of Strength and Resilience: With reduced production, degradation, and cross-linking, both collagen and elastin fibres lose their strength and resilience. As a result, the skin becomes thinner, weaker, and less able to withstand the effects of gravity and repetitive facial movements. Cross-Linking: Cross-linking is a process in which collagen fibres become abnormally linked together, forming rigid structures. This results in a less flexible and more brittle network of collagen, making the skin less supple and more prone to wrinkling and sagging. what muscle draws the lower lip and jaw down forming horizontal wrinkles in the neck? The platysma is a thin, broad muscle that covers the front of the neck and extends from the chest and shoulders up to the jawline. what is Milia described as? Milia are small, white or yellowish, raised bumps that appear on the skin's surface. They are often described as tiny, benign cysts or "milk spots." Milia are relatively common and can occur in people of all ages, from infants to adults. Blocked Pores: Milia form when dead skin cells or keratin become trapped in the hair follicles or sweat ducts, preventing them from reaching the skin's surface and causing tiny cysts to develop. Natural Resolution: In many cases, milia resolve on their own over time as the trapped material is gradually expelled or breaks down. While milia are generally harmless and do not require medical treatment, some people may prefer to have them removed for cosmetic reasons. A dermatologist or skincare professional can perform procedures to extract milia safely, such as using a sterile needle or a small incision to release the trapped material. However, it is important not to attempt to remove milia at home, as this could lead to infection or scarring. what helps to protect the skin from bacterial and fungal infections ( think skin's natural protection)? Physical Barrier: The outermost layer of the skin, called the stratum corneum, acts as a physical barrier that prevents microorganisms from penetrating deeper into the skin. Acidic pH: The skin's surface has a naturally acidic pH, typically ranging from 4 to 6. This slightly acidic environment helps inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and fungi, as these microorganisms tend to thrive in more alkaline conditions. Acid mantle Sebum Production: Sebaceous glands in the skin produce sebum, a mixture of lipids and oils. Sebum helps lubricate the skin and create a slightly oily surface that can help prevent the overgrowth of bacteria and fungi. Antimicrobial Peptides: The skin produces natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs Immune Cells Microbiome Balance: The skin's natural microbiome, which consists of a diverse community of beneficial bacteria, helps maintain a balanced ecosystem on the skin's surface. This can help prevent the overgrowth of harmful bacteria and fungi by competing for resources and space. Sweat how is dry skin recognised? Rough Texture: Dry skin often feels rough to the touch. It may lack the smooth and soft texture typically associated with well-hydrated skin. Tightness: Dry skin may feel tight, especially after cleansing or exposure to dry or cold environments. This tightness can be particularly noticeable after bathing or washing the face. Flakiness: The skin may appear flaky or have visible flakes that can be shed from the surface. These flakes are dead skin cells that have not properly shed, leading to a buildup on the skin's surface. Redness or Irritation Fine Lines and Cracks Itching and Discomfort: Scratching can worsen the condition and may lead to inflammation. Dull Appearance: Dry skin can lack the natural glow and radiance associated with well-hydrated skin, giving it a dull appearance. Increased Sensitivity: Dry skin is more susceptible to irritation and sensitivity to certain products or environmental factors. Scaling: Dry skin may develop scales, particularly in areas where the skin is thicker, such as the elbows and knees. Cracked Heels: Dry skin on the feet, especially on the heels, can lead to cracked skin, which can be painful and uncomfortable. how is acne recognised? Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to the formation of various types of blemishes. Acne can vary in severity and presentation, but here are some typical signs and characteristics that help recognize acne: Comedones: Comedones are the primary feature of acne and can appear in two forms: Whiteheads: Closed, small, flesh-coloured or white bumps that are slightly raised and have a closed pore. Blackheads: Open, dark-coloured bumps (black in appearance) caused by a plug of oil and dead skin cells in an open pore. Papules: Small, red, raised bumps on the skin, usually less than 5mm in diameter. They can be tender to the touch. Pustules: Similar to papules but filled with pus, making them appear as red bumps with a white or yellow centre. Nodules: Larger, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface of the skin. Nodules are deeper and more severe than typical pimples and can be more challenging to treat. Cysts: Large, painful, pus-filled bumps that are deep within the skin. Cysts can lead to scarring and often require medical intervention for treatment. Inflammation: Inflammatory acne is characterized by redness and swelling around the affected areas. The skin may feel warm to the touch. Oily Skin: Acne-prone skin often appears oily and may have a shiny or greasy appearance, especially in the "T-zone" (forehead, nose, and chin). Scarring: In more severe cases, acne lesions can cause permanent scars, especially if they are picked or squeezed. Distribution: Acne is most commonly found on the face, but it can also affect the chest, back, shoulders, and other areas of the body with a high concentration of oil glands. Age of Onset: Acne often begins during adolescence, but it can also affect adults, especially women during hormonal fluctuations (e.g., during the menstrual cycle). what is a bacterial infection that is fluid blisters that can spread quickly and leave crust and itches known as? The bacterial infection you are describing is most likely impetigo. Impetigo is a common and highly contagious skin infection caused by bacteria, primarily Staphylococcus aureus It is more common in children but can also affect adults. Impetigo is characterized by the following features: Fluid-Filled Blisters: The infection starts as small, fluid-filled blisters that can appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found around the nose, mouth, and hands. Rapid Spread Honey-Colored Crust: The blisters eventually burst and form a thick, golden or honey-coloured crust. This crust is a characteristic feature of impetigo and may resemble dried honey or cornflakes stuck to the skin. Itching, Redness and Swelling, Mild Fever.