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1. Commensalism – a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other organism is unaffected 2. Competition – two or more organisms using the same limited resources causing some organisms to be unable to access the resources 3. Ecological succession – changes in the composition of species found in a community over time 4. Ecosystem – a community interacting with its environment through a one-way flow of energy and the cycling of materials 5. Ecosystem stability – the ability of an ecosystem to return to a state of equilibrium following a disturbance 6. Mutualism – a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit 7. Parasitism – a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other organism is harmed 8. Predation – an ecological relationship where one organism (predator) eats the other organism (prey) 9. Trophic level – position that organism(s) occupy in a food web, which is defined by its relationship to the primary energy source 10. Biomagnification - the concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of its ingesting other plants or animals and the amount increases as it moves up the food chain. 11. Carbon sinks (carbon reservoirs) - is anything that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases, for example, plants, the ocean and soil. 12. Carbon source - a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon into the atmosphere than it absorbs – for example, the burning of fossil fuels or volcanic eruptions. 13. Carrying capacity - a species' average population size in a particular habitat. How much it can hold. 14. Dead zones - areas of water bodies where aquatic life cannot survive because of low oxygen levels due to pollution 15. Detritivore - an organism (such as an earthworm or a fungus) that feeds on dead and decomposing organic matter. Also can include, millipedes, woodlice, dung flies, many terrestrial worms and burying beetles. 16. Ecological pyramid - is a graphical representation of the energy found within the trophic levels of an ecosystem. 17. Food web - sequence of enter acting food chains of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another. 18. Niche - describes the role an organism plays in an environment. What it needs and does. 19. Limiting factors - is anything that constrains a population's size and slows or stops it from growing. Some examples of limiting factors are biotic, like food, mates, and competition with other organisms for resources 20. Nitrogen cycle - is a repeating cycle of processes during which nitrogen moves through both living and non-living things: the atmosphere, soil, water, plants, animals and bacteria. In order to move through the different parts of the cycle, nitrogen must change forms 21. Nitrogen fixation - any natural or industrial process that causes free nitrogen (N2), which is a relatively inert gas plentiful in air, to combine chemically with other elements to form more- reactive nitrogen compounds such as ammonia, nitrates, or nitrites. 22. Primary consumer - make up the second trophic level. They are also called herbivores. They eat primary producers—plants or algae—and nothing else 23. Primary succession - 24. Secondary succession - happens when a climax community or intermediate community is impacted by a disturbance. This restarts the cycle of succession, but not back to the beginning—soil and nutrients are still present 25. Symbiosis - two or more distinct organisms living together for the benefit of one or both. 26. Food chain - is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.