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Norway a world leading maritime nation. Discuss challenges and opportunities. In The maritime world, Norway is a leader • In the maritime industry, exports of goods and services are large, as it is an international industry. Most of the value creation in the shipping industry is attributed to shipping companies. As part of its operations, the Norwegian maritime industry engages in intercontinental shipping (deep sea), short-sea shipping, maritime offshore, and other activities related to other maritime industries. A total of 2,043 ships are owned and operated by Norwegian shipping companies under Norwegian and foreign flags. As a result of these statistics, Norway is ranked 7th in terms of the number of ships, 8th in terms of tonnage, and fifth in terms of value among all maritime nations. • In Norway, there are around 70 shipyards of different sizes. Norwegian maritime shipbuilding is engaged in the construction, conversion, repair and maintenance of ships as well as the condemnation of ships. The majority of Norwegian shipyards construct specialized and high-tech ships that require a high level of expertise. • As a supplier to the shipbuilding industry both domestically and internationally, the Norwegian maritime equipment industry manufactures specialized equipment for shipping. Mechanical equipment, electrical and electronic equipment, as well as other operational equipment is provided by the equipment companies. Throughout the world, Norwegian equipment is used on ships. Maritime services in Norway are also among the most comprehensive in the world. All areas of the maritime industry are covered by the Norwegian maritime service industry. There are four subgroups of service providers: financial and legal, port and logistics, technological, and trade. • Other marine industries, such as offshore petroleum, fisheries and aquaculture, as well as emerging marine industries such as offshore wind power, offshore aquaculture, and mineral extraction on the seabed, have a natural interface with the maritime industry and are directly dependent on its activities. BATTERIES opportunities • Norway will further develop a coherent and profitable battery value chain, which ranges from sustainable mineral extraction to recycling batteries. It is essential that Norway is an attractive host country for profitable activity across the entire battery value chain and is able to attract large investment and giga factories. • Batteries are considered to be one of the key technologies for transitioning to renewable energy, particularly in the transportation sector. Batteries can also be used for a variety of other purposes, including stabilizing electrical grids, providing energy supply and storing energy. Creating a European battery industry is driven by the EU's aim to achieve strategic autonomy. It is also motivated by its desire to bring battery production closer to that of European cars. Battery demand has nearly tripled globally since 2018. Even so, a number of research agencies predict that global battery demand will double by 2030, a significant increase. • The value chain for batteries is composed of minerals, refined active materials, battery cells, battery packs, and recycling. The Norwegian government is a major exporter of several of the relevant materials used in batteries. We are also fortunate to possess minerals and renewable energy resources at competitive prices. As a result, Norway is in an ideal position to host a comprehensive battery value chain and to produce battery cells with relatively low climate and environmental footprints. Challenges • It is imperative to note that rapid development places considerable pressure on value chains' ability to deliver sustainability expectations. This requires the mobilization of capital and expertise. Battery cells and battery material factories are capital intensive and take a long time to build. Technology and commercial risks are also associated with such investments due to the rapid development of products and processes. • Battery factories are usually large and have continuous production round the clock, as well as a high capacity. The other battery factories that are being built in Norway will require significant amounts of power, which may require reinforcement of the electric power grid. A factory must have industrial space, efficient logistics, and highly skilled labor. As a result, attracting large establishments to the area can be challenging. There will also be a need for workforce retraining and revised educational courses, with a collective push for continuing and further education. We face many of the same challenges as those in many European countries. • There are clear restrictions set forth in the trade and cooperation agreement between the EU and Great Britain (TCA) on the use of third-party input materials, which allows a finished product to be classified as being originated in the EU or Great Britain, thereby qualifying for duty-free trade in these two countries. Considering Norway to be a third country presents a number of challenges for the export of Norwegian-made batteries for electric vehicles between the EU and Great Britain. The government is working with the EU and Great Britain in order to find a solution to this problem.