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3. The given short academic passage is trying to give information about a fact called Niche construction This means that the plants that rely on other plants for survival will help to grow the habitat of that plant to have a more vast niche for their living. The professor is giving the example of the ants that live in large colonies in a tree in the rainforest. He mentions that they need this specific tree for their living. He claims that when there is a new plant growing in the area, the ants release a chemical compound and kill the plants that want to thrive in the area. In this way the ants will help the tree overcome the rivals in the area and grow in a larger area since there is no rival for them. This way the ants will have a larger habitat for their colony.This is called the niche construction