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Nmap Nmap (Network Mapper) is a network scanner created by Gordon Lyon (also known by his pseudonym Fyodor Vaskovich).[4] Nmap is used to discover hosts and services on a computer network by sending packets and analyzing the responses.[5] Nmap provides a number of features for probing computer networks, including host discovery and service and operating system detection. These features are extensible by scripts that provide more advanced service detection,[6] vulnerability detection,[6] and other features. Nmap can adapt to network conditions including latency and congestion during a scan. Nmap started as a Linux utility[7] and was ported to other systems including Windows, macOS, and BSD.[8] It is most popular on Linux, followed by Windows.[9] Nmap features include: Host discovery – Identifying hosts on a network. For example, listing the hosts that respond to TCP and/or ICMP requests or have a particular port open. Port scanning[10] – Enumerating the open ports on target hosts. Version detection – Interrogating network services on remote devices to determine application name and version number.[11] TCP/IP stack fingerprinting – Determining the operating system and hardware characteristics of network devices based on observations of network activity of said devices. Scriptable interaction with the target – using Nmap Scripting Engine[12] (NSE) and Lua programming language. Nmap can provide further information on targets, including reverse DNS names, device types, and MAC addresses.[13] Typical uses of Nmap: Auditing the security of a device or firewall by identifying the network connections which can be made to, or through it.[14] Identifying open ports on a target host in preparation for auditing.[15] Network inventory, network mapping, maintenance and asset management. Auditing the security of a network by identifying new servers.[16] Generating traffic to hosts on a network, response analysis and response time measurement.[17] Finding and exploiting vulnerabilities in a network.[18] DNS queries and subdomain search Nmap features include: Host discovery – Identifying hosts on a network. For example, listing the hosts that respond to TCP and/or ICMP requests or have a particular port open. Port scanning[10] – Enumerating the open ports on target hosts. Version detection – Interrogating network services on remote devices to determine application name and version number.[11] TCP/IP stack fingerprinting – Determining the operating system and hardware characteristics of network devices based on observations of network activity of said devices. Scriptable interaction with the target – using Nmap Scripting Engine[12] (NSE) and Lua programming language. Nmap can provide further information on targets, including reverse DNS names, device types, and MAC addresses.[13] Typical uses of Nmap: Auditing the security of a device or firewall by identifying the network connections which can be made to, or through it.[14] Identifying open ports on a target host in preparation for auditing.[15] Network inventory, network mapping, maintenance and asset management. Auditing the security of a network by identifying new servers.[16] Generating traffic to hosts on a network, response analysis and response time measurement.[17] Finding and exploiting vulnerabilities in a network.[18] DNS queries and subdomain search