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transcription 1.RNA polymerase binds itself to the promoter region, which breaks the weak hydrogen bonds joining the strands and unwinds the double helix 2. the RNA polymerase adds free floating nucleotides to the growing MRNA sequence by the complementary base pairing rule and this continues in the 5'3 direction 3. dna bases are in triplets, Mrna triplet bases which are codons are produced and the production of the codons continues until it reaches the termination signal then the premature mrna is released 4.Mrna contains introns and exons, the introns are removed and the exons join to create the mature MRNA which exits the nucleus via nuclear pore methalyated cap added to 5 end and ponytail added to 3 end for stability. translation Initiation: The mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pore. The 40S subunit binds to the mRNA and scans along the mRNA until it reaches the start codon, AUG. At this point in time, the 60S subunit binds, completing the ribosome-mRNA complex. Right after, the tRNA complementary to the start codon and the next tRNA for the next codon with the correct amino acids (methionine + other) enter. This two-tRNA delivery occurs only at the start. Elongation: The ribosome then continues to scan along the mRNA, scanning each codon and facilitating the entry of the tRNA molecule. Once the tRNA molecule enters, the ribosome catalyses the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acid chain. The tRNA, now not having the amino acid, exits the ribosome complex, ready to load another amino acid. Termination: This process of scanning and delivering continues until the ribosome scans along a stop codon (UAG, UAA or UGA). At this point, the ribosome stops scanning. The polypeptide bond is released, the mRNA exits (and can break down), the ribosome disassociates ready for the next translation process.