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The audio-lingual method is a method used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on behaviorist theory, which postulates that certain traits of living things, and in this case humans could be trained through a system of reinforcement. The correct use of a trait would receive positive feedback, while the incorrect use of that trait would receive negative feedback. The audio-lingual method believes that language learning is a process of habit formation; drill, repetition drill, substitution drill, and transformational drill. This approach to language learning was similar to another, earlier method called the direct method. Like the direct method, the audio-lingual method advises that students should be taught a language directly, without using their native language to explain new words or grammar in the target language. However, unlike the direct method, the audio-lingual method did not focus on teaching vocabulary. Rather, the teacher drilled students in the use of grammar. The principles of A L M: 1. Language learners are able to comprehend the foreign language when it is spoken at normal speed and concerned with ordinary matters. 2. Language learners are able to speak in acceptable pronunciation and grammatical correctness. 3. Language learners have no difficulties in comprehending printed materials. The procedure of the audio-lingual method can be as follows: 1. The language teacher gives a brief summary of the content of the dialogue. The dialogue is not translated but equivalent translation of key phrases should be given in order for the language learners to comprehend the dialogue. 2. The language learners listen attentively while the teacher reads or recites the dialogue at normal speed several times. Gestures and facial expressions or dramatized actions should accompany the presentation. 3. Repetition of each line by the language learners in chorus is the next step. Each sentence may be repeated a half dozen of times, depending on its length and on the alertness of the language learners. If the teacher detects an error, the offending learner is corrected and is asked to repeat the sentence. If many learners make the same errors, chorus repetition and drill will be necessary. 4. Repetition is continued with groups decreasing in size, that is, first the two halves of the class, then thirds, and then single rows or smaller groups. Groups can assume the speakers’ roles. 5. Pairs of individual learners now go to the front of the classroom to act out the dialogue. By this time, they should have memorized the text. However, if the audio-lingual method is applied to language instruction, in this case teaching grammar, it means that the instructor would present the correct model of a sentence and the students would have to repeat it. The teacher would then continue by presenting new words for the students to sample in the same structure. In audio-lingual, there is no explicit grammar instruction: everything is simply memorized in form. As exemplified in the video: 1. The instructor mentions sentences with the simple present tense pattern. 2. Students repeat the instructor. 3. The instructor continues to ask students to repeat the sentence until they are memorized. 4. The instructor is presenting new words for the students to sample in the same structure. In the end students can practice certain constructs spontaneously.