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Formula text to speech : ☆Thermodynamics: .......  C by 5 = F minus 32 by 9 = k minus 273 by 5 . ...... W = J H . ....J= 4.2 joule per calorie ....1 Joule = 4.2 calorie .....first law of Thermodynamics: ..Delta Q = Delta U + Delta W .....Delta W = p d V ..... total work in isothermal process : .......W = n R T lon V2 by V1 ......R = 8.314 Joule per kelvin per mole .....total work in isobaric process : ......W= p d V ..... total work in isochoric process : ....W = Zero ..... No work will be done when volume is constant . ..... Total work in adiabatic process : .... d W + d U = 0 ,  because d Q = 0 .....Therefore d W = minus d U . ..... C p minus  C v = R ..... gamma = C p by C v .....always C p is greater than C v ...... some gamma values for different molecular gas : ....... gas having single atom , gamma is 5 by 3 which is 1 point 6  7........ gas having double atoms , gamma is 7 by 5 which is 1  point  4 0 ..... gas having more than 2 atoms , gamma is 4 by 3 , which is 1 point 3   3 ..... different change in Thermodynamic variables due to adiabatic process , given below;........ p V to the power gamma = constant..... T  V to the power gamma minus 1 = constant...... T   P to the power 1 minus gamma divided by gamma = constant........ total work in adiabatic process is ... W = R by ( gamma minus 1 ) times T1 minus T2 . ........ Adiabatic curve is more steeper than isothermal curve  in P V graph ( X-Y axis )....... in the graph vertical line is pressure and horizontal line is volume.  ..    ..... So tangent is = Delta P by Delta V Here isothermal tangent , m1 is :  minus p by V And adiabatic tangent m2:   is gamma times ( minus p by V )    ....... So adiabatic curve is egula to gamma times of isothermal curve..... which is m2 = gamma into m1 . ....... 2nd law of Thermodynamics: No engine can produce 100% of work using heat . It will surely waste some amount of heat by making changes in the environment.  .............. Efficiency in normal heat engine : eta = ( transformed heat or work ..... divided by total absorbed heat or energy)  into 100 % ........... in Carnot engine  Q by T is constant . . ....... So Q 1 by T 1 = Q 2 by T 2 ...  So Efficiency,,,, eta = 1 minus T2 by T 1 Or 1 minus Q2 by Q1   into 100% ..... ..... system's inability of transforming energy is called entropy.... .  .....Changes of entropy D S equals D Q by T . ... ,, Ratio of changing heat amount by stable temperature .... ......  Unit of entropy is Joule per kelvin ...... .... changes of entropy Delta S = m S lon T2 by T 1..... ........