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Bengal is a 4000-year-old Civilization that thrived between the banks of the Ganges to Brahmaputra and sustained itself with the riches of the Gangetic delta. Indo-Aryan and mangal groups that may have migrated into the Indus and upper-ganges areas close to 1000 BC. Despite this, there were still relatively few humans living around the lower Ganges and Brahmaputra valleys, the areas that are from much of today's Bangladesh.. Various dynasty ruled the Bengal region since the beginning of history. which has an impact on the culture, religious attitude, and overall development of this region.. Now let's talk about the empires or dynasties that rule the Bengal.. Maurya Dynasty :. It came into existence in 322 BCE when Chandragupta Maurya established his rule around Magadha. The Mauryan empire was one of the world’s largest empires in its time and the largest ever in the Indian sub-continent including Bengal. The empire experienced nearly half a century of peace and security under Ashoka. During his reign, Bengal flourished with riches and its naval fleet got stronger. The disintegration of the Mauryan Empire:.. In the half a century following the death of Ashoka the Great, the Mauryan Empire had gone from a massive and powerful empire to one that could barely keep its provinces united. This was the result of a series of very weak Mauryan rulers. The last nail in the coffin of the Mauryan dynasty came when King Brihadratha Maurya was betrayed by his Brahman commander-in-chief, Pushyamitra Shunga. Brihadratha was killed by Pushyamitra around 185 BC. Brihadratha thus became the last ruler of the Maurya Empire. Pala Dynasty:.. The establishment of the Pala Dynasty is one of the most important events in the history of ancient Bengal. The Pala rule brought relief to public life by overcoming the ‘Matsyanyayam’, after the Shashanka era during the centuries of political vacancy and anarchy in ancient Bengal.. The long reign of the Palas forms a glorious period in the history of ancient Bengal. The dynasty ruled for about four hundred years, a rarity in the annals of dynastic history. The achievements of Bengal during this long period are indeed the glories of the Palas. Widespread empire, organized administrative system, ruling policy oriented towards the welfare of the people, unprecedented excellence in the field of arts, and cultivation of knowledge and literature are the achievements and glories of the Pala dynasty.. Fall of Pala Dynasty:.. First successful revolt in the Bengali region against Palas-. History sometimes goes the opposite way. Once the first Pala king Gopala was chosen to be rid of anarchy, chaos, and oppression. Sometimes apart, under the sail, a time of chaos began.. The second superpower was in charge of the Palas. Palas, being a Buddhist religion, imposed a ban on eating fish at the mantra of ‘Jiv Hotta Mahapaap’. And so persecution also began. But the people of this region were fishermen for natural reasons. Therefore, the public outcry quickly took the form of rebellion. The uprising around 1080 AD is known as the Kairavut rebellion.. Nearly four hundred years after the emergence of the Pala dynasty by the appointment of a Gopal king about four hundred years ago, the clause reached another Gopala III before the final fall of that Pala dynasty. He is the fourth Gopala of the Pala king... Sen dynasty :.. The Sena dynasty was a Hindu dynasty during the early medieval period on the Indian subcontinent, that ruled from Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries. The empire at its peak covered much of the north-eastern region of the Indian subcontinent.. Sena rule in Bengal brought about a marked revival of orthodox Hinduism. The caste system, which had become lax because of the Buddhist influence of the Palas, was reestablished, and the Bengali system of hypergamy, the socially upward marriage of women, was reputedly founded by the Sena king Vallalasena. The last Sena king, Lakshmanasena (reigned c. 1178– c. 1205), became a great patron of literature; the poets Jayadeva and Dhoyi wrote at his court at Nadia. Lakshmanasena was expelled from Nadia in 1202 by the Turkish chief Muḥammad Bakhtyār Khaljī and died about three years later. Sena kings continued to rule in eastern Bengal for some decades, but the main political power in Bengal passed to the Muslims.. The Mughals and the East India Company:.. The Delhi Sultanate period came to an end when the Mughals established control in Delhi. Bengal developed and prospered under the Mughal rule. The capital of Bengal was moved from Gaur to Dhaka in 1610, a city that had by now become economically successful and politically important, in part due to the emer- gence of its distinctive and renowned handloom textile industry. During the Mughal period, Dhaka saw the construction of many new buildings such as the Lalbagh fort, and impressive mosques and gardens. A wide range of cultural influences was also at work in the city, including those from Samarkand and Persia, and the latter brought Sufi ideas and philosophy to the region... At this time Bengal was also opened up further to traders from both the east and west operating across overland and maritime routes...As a result, The Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach Bengal, establishing settlements during the fifteenth century...