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The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo was the second-largest volcanic eruption in the twentieth century. The eruption not only had a devastating effect on hundreds of thousands of people living in the area, but it also caused a 0.5 °C drop in average global temperature that lasted about two years. Pinatubo was not the only eruption to have had this effect on global climate. For example, after the massive eruption of Laki in Iceland in 1783, Europe experienced an extremely severe winter, with temperatures nearly 5 °C lower than average. The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa in Indonesia had similar cooling effects around the world.