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CONTENT OF THE INTELLIGENCE PROBLEM Who is the Opposing force? What will the Opposing force do? How will the Opposing force do it? When will the Opposing force do it? Where will the Opposing force do it With what Force Strength will the Opposing force Act? THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE DESIGN The role of the intelligence design as a framework for the intelligence appreciation It provides guidance to the collection agencies at an early stage (before the completion of an intelligence appreciation) in terms of the collection subjects, and secondly, it serves to measure the validity of collection. The intelligence process probably lies in providing a basis for an effective collation system. Advantages of the Intelligence Design. An intelligence design: a. provides a framework for the formulation of intelligence requirements; b. directs the collection agencies at an early stage in terms of the collection subjects (a step that promotes simultaneous action); c. directs the collection agencies over a relatively long period; d. serves as a measuring instrument to test the validity of collection; e. ensures that the intelligence problem is answered in a scientific manner; f. ensures continuity and direction during personnel transfers; g. ensures that intelligence personnel constantly attend to CEI; h. can be updated constantly; and i. is an important management aid. Disadvantages of the Intelligence Design. An intelligence design: a. tends to restrict the vision of intelligence personnel; b. if the commander or client does not approve the intelligence design, it can negatively influence collection; c. flexibility can be affected if an intelligence design is not dealt with responsibly; d. determining the design can be too detailed and fall beyond the scope of military intelligence. This may happen at strategic level; e. determining the intelligence design can be too vague with the result that important information is lost; f. intelligence staff can develop the misconception that the intelligence design is the only or most important document in the conduct of intelligence, while it is only an intelligence management aid; and g. it can be compiled in such detail that it unnecessarily burdens the collection agencies. h. AIM OF INTELLIGENCE APPRECIATION To determine the possible Opposing force courses of action, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of these courses of action. All aspects ito a situation are taken into account in order to determine the Opposing force’s intentions, capabilities and limitations and to determine what information is necessary to satisfy the intelligence requirements. TERMINOLOGY OF THE INTELLIGENCE APPRECIATION Fact. An indisputable truth. Deduction. A fact reasoned from an Opposing force viewpoint in order to determine whether it has positive or negative implications on the Opposing force’s aim. Conclusion. A reasoning process to determine what actions in terms of the realistic capabilities of the Opposing force, the Opposing force commander could take to neutralise weak points and to strengthen positive aspects even further. Hypothesis. Realistic and well-grounded prediction regarding a current situation or the future course of events, made because of a lack of positive intelligence or proof that must be confirmed, changed or disproved with information obtain during the following stage of the intelligence cycle, namely collection. Essential Elements of Information/Intelligence (EEI). those critical information items concerning the Opposing force and his environment required by the commander to complete his operational plan. Other Intelligence Requirements. That information concerning the Opposing force and the operational area that has to be collected to enable the information already at the disposal of the intelligence staff, to be interpreted. Intelligence Advice. It is advice that an intelligence officer, based on his knowledge of the Opposing force and own forces, provides to his commander in order to guide the commander’s action. STEPS IN THE INTELLIGENCE PROCESS Evaluation. Information is evaluated for appropriateness, urgency, value, accuracy and the reliability of the source is determined. Collation. Appropriate information is registered, grouped and compared in order to form an intelligence picture. Interpretation. To interpret is to convert information into intelligence by way of drawing conclusions. The process forms the centre of the intelligence process. METHODS OF DISSEMINATION OF INTELLIGENCE Verbal - Personel, telephone, Int briefing. Written– Intelligence Report, Mission Report PRINCIPLES OF DISSEMINATION Accuracy. Accuracy is a prerequisite in intelligence staff work. Clear and unambiguous language is a supplementary requirement for the provision of accurate intelligence. Timeliness. To be of greatest value, information and intelligence must reach addressees in time. Conciseness. Reports must be kept as brief as possible, without omitting essential intelligence items Standardization. Reports are understood more quickly if they are set out in a logical sequence under convenient standard headings. Relevancy. The intelligence must be relevant to the user’s specific requirements. Interpretation. Whenever possible, information should be converted into intelligence, prior to dissemination, and the assessment of Opposing force capabilities and intentions must be given. Regularity Intelligence personnel at all levels, will require regular routine summaries of all information and intelligence at the predetermined intervals Security The intelligence personnel must assess the security classification of written messages realistically.