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African lemurs .. ghosts of the island of Madagascar Two and a half centuries ago, specifically in the year 1758, the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carlos Linnaeus was preparing his tenth edition of his most famous book, “The System of Nature.” Ghosts that were expelled during the Lemuria festival in ancient Rome, it was believed that this name corresponds to the nocturnal activity of the Lemurs. According to Carlos, the lemur is one of the animals closely related to the name he chose for it, as it has a somewhat ghostly appearance, and its cries similar to the roaring hiss of trees, and its reflective eyes, are consistent with the legends circulated by the inhabitants of the island of Madagascar, its main settler, some believe that they communicated with Carlos Linnaeus and they told him that lemurs are the spirits of their ancestors, which is contrary to logic, especially since the slow-stepping lemur, or slender red loris, is now known as the slow-paced loris, which is endemic to southern India and the forests of Sri Lanka. lemurs Especially the Comoros, it feeds mainly on various fruits and leaves, and as a result of illegal logging, in addition to poaching, the International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies lemurs as one of the most endangered mammals. The sizes of lemurs vary between very small, such as the mouse type, which weighs less than 60 grams, and a length of up to 13 centimeters, and does not have a tail. Until it reaches a length of 38 centimeters, and this animal has a gray back and white underparts, and white and black wild rings on the tail, while the collared lemur is about 60 centimeters long, and has thick fur in particular. The fur is dense, and some of them have brown fur that tends to reddish rather than white, and there is another species, the aye-ay lemur, which is unlike any of the other species. Indri and sifaka, two types of ape-like lemurs, have very strong hind legs, enabling them to jump between tall trees, while most animals that live on trees jump from one branch to another, and the indri lemur is the largest species of lemurs, with a length of about 70 centimeters, and has a black back, and white fur in the lower parts of its body, while the lemur of the sifaka type is about 50 centimeters long. Lemurs are social creatures, living in groups of two to five individuals, and in many cases forming larger groups from time to time. The indigenous people of Madagascar believed that lemurs prefer to move in groups, in order to protect themselves from wild animals, when there is an imminent danger in Neighborhood Lemurs alert their group members by sounding warnings, and some species, such as the ring-tailed lemur, use their distinctive tails to deliver warning signals to members of their group. In the mating season, male lemurs compete with each other to win a female, and they engage in struggles called "stink battles" to hunt females, as male lemurs have scent glands on their wrists, and during a stench battle the males excrete secretions from the scent glands along their tails, and the scented lemur wins The strongest of the female, the lemur also uses these scent glands to identify its areas and to communicate with members of its sex, and the females help him in this, although this mating usually does not last more than three weeks of each year. The gestation period of a female lemur ranges from 102 to 170 days, and this period varies according to the species, and female lemurs can give birth to one to six newborns at a time, and the young are called pups, and the pups in many species cling to the mother’s abdomen during the three or four weeks The first of its life, and then rides on its back until it reaches three or four months of age, and weaning the young lemurs after about three to six months of birth, and the lemur is characterized by a long life period compared to the rest of the animals, where some types of lemurs can live up to 30 years Just. The nature of lemur food varies according to their sizes, small species of it feed on fruits and insects, while large species tend to consume more herbs, although most lemurs depend for their food mainly on plant materials, as is the case with all primates, and lemurs may eat The hungry man is anything edible, whether it is one of his favorite foods or not, and he exploits more than 109 families of plants known in Madagascar in his food, and since most species live on trees, most types of exploited plants are woody plants, and if fruits are available, they are Accept it greedily, especially the fig fruit, which you love its taste. There are approximately 100 species of lemurs, and most of these species have been discovered or upgraded to full species status since the 1990s, although the classification of their types is still somewhat tricky. The other is that lemurs contain all living streptoderma, a list that includes galagos and botos in Africa, and loris in India, Sri Lanka and southeast Asia, and belongs to the extinct order Atibaformes. Recently, the International Union for Conservation of Nature issued a report in which it confirmed that lemurs are the most endangered mammals in the world, and that nearly 90% Of all species of lemurs are already threatened with extinction within 20 to 25 years, so many research facilities have provided such as Global, led by Duke University Center for Lemur Research, in Durham, North Carolina, especially as it maintains the largest number of lemur populations in captivity outside Madagascar And another large colony in the city of Mica, Florida, USA, is a lemur reserve managed by the Lemur Conservation Foundation, while on the island of Madagascar itself, there are currently 18 national parks, 5 nature reserves, and 22 private reserves, in addition to many other small private reserves, such as the Berenti Reserve, and Saint Lucy Preserve, both near Fort Dauphin.