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Why did humans evolve? We all descend from one human ancestor. It is believed that we are all descendants of a single female ancestor who lived in Africa 200,000 years ago. This woman was the first to walk upright and her descendants spread out around the world and evolved into modern humans. The theory is called “Out of Africa” hypothesis. Humans have been living on earth for about 200,000 years and have evolved into many different types of humans. How did this happen? We are all descended from one human ancestor who lived in Africa. Evolution is the process by which a species changes over time. It is the change in gene frequencies over generations, which can be influenced by environmental factors and other organisms. The most common way that evolution occurs is through natural selection. Humans are a species of great apes, belonging to the subfamily Homininae. We are the only living members of our family, Hominidae, and the only surviving species in genus Homo. Some scientists classify us as part of the family Hominidae while others consider us to be a separate family altogether. The most widely accepted scientific classification is that humans are part of the great ape lineage, which split from other apes about 7 million years ago and that we share a common ancestor with chimpanzees and gorillas (our sister species). There is no clear distinction between humans and other primates because there has been so much gene flow between different populations over time; it has been difficult to establish any clear boundaries between one group and another, or even between one species and another.