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Romans invade Britain The Romans fought against the Celts because they wanted their tin mines, so Britain became part of the Roman Empire. Emperor Hadrian had a wall built to separate the Roman territory from that of the Celts. The Romans weren't just a destructive force and they built new forts, new settlements and roads. They also spread their culture, language and laws. Roman Britain • 55 and 54 BC: Roman invasion began under Julius Caesar. • 43-47 AD: Emperor Claudius conquered the country. A new urban architecture • Towns developed near army bases. They became centres of vibrant commercial activity. • Introduction of public baths. • Over 9,600 kilometres of paved roads. Londinium • The first London Bridge was built on the River Thames. • Londinium = the Roman settlement on the north side of the bridge. It became an important trading centre. Hadrian's Wall • It was built as a defensive fortification and customs barrier. • It ran from the east coast to the west coast between today's England and Scotland. The end of Roman Britain • Barbarian raiders attacked Rome. • 409 AD: Emperor Honorius withdrew his soldiers from Britain to defend Rome. • The Romanised Celts in Britain were left alone. • 5th century: the Anglo-Saxons from Germany and Scandinavia invaded Britain and destroyed the Roman British towns. Hadrian's Wall Emperor Hadrian ordered the construction of a wall to separate the Roman territory from that of the celtic tribes in the North. A 73-mile-long stone wall was built, stretching from modern Newcastle to Carlisle. It served as a border control for the movement of people and goods, or as a strong defensive fortification in times of conflict. Romans' withdrawal At that time, the borders of the Roman empire were being frequently jeopardised by barbarian invasions and there was a persistent sense of military crisis. For this reason the commanders of the Roman armies started withdrawing troops from Britain to defend Rome.