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Good day! Welcome to the training session on Basics of Quality. As the name mentioned, this session is to understand the basic terminologies, their definitions and concepts that are being used in quality function of an industry. This topic touches on some of the basic tools used for analysing & solving the problems, understanding the importance of QMS related to aerospace industry, and some of the quality instruments that helps in measurements, to achieve the productivity and meeting the customer requirements. To start with, let us understand the definition of Quality in a simple way. Quality has many definitions which is expressed in own words by individuals and some are listed here. A degree of excellence Conformance to requirements Totality of characteristics which act to satisfy a need Fitness for use Fitness for purpose Freedom from defects Delighting customer Though! the above statements are correct in individual’s expression, can summarize the definition with the following statements. Quality is the degree to which an object (e.g., process, product, or service) satisfies a specified set of attributes or requirements. The quality of something can be determined by comparing a set of inherent characteristics with a set of requirements. The totality of features and characteristics of product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs A product is said to be of good quality if it satisfies the customer requirements in terms of performance, grade, durability, appearance and intended use or purpose. A single line definition for Quality can be explained as Quality means “Performance upon expectations” and “fit for functions.” Further, let us understand the objective of Quality which can be explained as To decide about the standard of a product that is acceptable to customer. – Quality should aim to understand the need or expectation of customer requirement. To check the variation during manufacturing. – Quality objective is to minimise or eliminate the variations in a process, and ensure quality product or service from a process. To prevent the poor-quality products reaching to customer. – Quality goal is to ensure that the customer receives the desired product with assured quality. Now let us look into the other terminologies and their definitions we come across in our day to day function or work. Quality Control – As the name indicates, it can be defined as “the set of activities that are carried out to verify the product or part meets the required standards “ Quality Control - is the process through which we measure the actual quality performance and compare it with the set standards. And if there is a deviation, then we take corrective actions. The typically quality control program is based on the periodic inspection, followed by feedback of the results. Quality control focuses on the process of producing the product or service with the intent of eliminating problems that might result in defects. in simple words, it is controlling the quality in each of the processes that being followed, so that the process meets the requirements to produce the desired product or service. According to ASQ, QC includes the operational techniques and the activities which sustain a quality of product or service that will satisfy given needs; also, the use of such techniques and activities. Quality Assurance – can be defined as “the confirmation that specified requirements have been met by a product”. means providing an assurance that the product is confirming to the requirements where all the activities are completed through the controlled processes. Quality Assurance - contains all those planned and systematic actions necessary to supply adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy or fulfil given requirements for Quality. QA includes QC, but it emphasizes quality in the design of products and processes. Quality assurance is a broad concept that focuses on the entire quality system including suppliers and ultimate consumers of the product or service. It includes all activities designed to produce products and services of appropriate quality. According to ASQ, QA includes all those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy given needs. Further, let us understand the difference between Quality Assurance Vs Quality Control Quality Assurance Focuses on the prevention of defects – by applying the different methodologies like APQP, PPAP etc. before the start of manufacturing, so that the defects are eliminated in the product. Quality Control Focuses on identification of Defects – through visual, dimensional and other testing methodologies. Quality Assurance is Proactive Approach – Proactively thinks the problem that could occur in a process or product or service and eliminate it Quality Control is Reactive Approach – Finding a solution after any defect or problem occurs in the process. Quality Assurance is Process Based Approach – Ensure that all the processes applicable for a product or service are capable of meeting the requirements Quality Control is Product Based Approach – To see that the product / service is going through flawless processes. Quality Assurance Manages Quality – Ensure that the processes are set to meet the requirements. Quality Control is to verify the Quality – Verifying the product at each stage of the process for meeting the requirements. Other terminology we come across in quality is Accuracy and Precision. These terms look similar, but, it has minor difference in meaning and expressing them. Accuracy is defined as the closeness of the measurements to a specific value. It means how closely a process is meeting to the specified value. The specific value may be numeric or in any form or unit. It is also the capability of a process that meets the requirements. Precision means - How repeatedly the process is able to produce the same value or how closely the values to each other. It is the ability to reproduce the same value or the closeness of the measurements to each other. That is the difference between Accuracy and Precision. Moving further, let us look into and understand about 7 QC tools. Before knowing details of these tools, let us understand about the importance of 7 QC tools and how it helps. There are several types of tools available to solve the quality issues or problems and being used widely, these 7 tools are considered as the base for all other tools in use. These tools are simple statistical tools used for problem solving. It means by collecting the required data or information, understand, to analyse statistically and find the right solution to a problem. These tools are basically developed in Japan and by the persons known or recognized as Quality Gurus like William Deming, Juran and Kaoru Ishikawa and others. Ishikawa stated that by using these quality tools 95 % of the problems can be resolved in the processes. These tools help us in understand the processes, identify the major problems affecting the processes, analyse the processes and problems, find the solution for the problems and control or eliminate the variations in quality. Controlling the fluctuations of quality means maintain the process to perform both accurately and precisely. It is about the back ground of these quality tools. WHY 7QC TOOLS? - Further let us know why these 7QC tools are required. These 7 QC tools will help to improve the quality of process or product or service by controlling or eliminating the problems. When there are no defects or problems in a process or product or service, the output will be with a good quality. These tools improve productivity if the processes are free from defect or problem. The process can produce quality products within the estimated or allotted time without any obstruction or disturbance and when quality of a process is improved, it leads to improvement in productivity. When Quality and productivity of a process or product or service is good, it leads to the reduction in cost like manufacturing, overheads and other related costs. If the quality of process or product or service is good and available at low cost or reasonable cost, the product will have demand in market. Demand in market always allows the business to sustain for longer period. Sustained business will have good Return on investment on the money invested in the business. The 7 Quality tools are listed here. Check Sheets