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Making Driving, and Voice Interfaces, Safer and Better Auto manufacturers spend a great deal of time and money attempting to make cars safer. They install antilock brakes, adaptive steering and gas pedals, air bags, and various warning indicators. All of these design decisions require very long lead times to retool factories and often involve dramatic increases in cost. The current research demonstrates that a simple, inexpensive, and fully controllable aspect of a car interface can also have a dramatic influence on driver safety. Something as small as changing the paralinguistic characteristics of a voice is sufficient to improve driving performance significantly. Even with the same words spoken at the same times by the same voice under the same road conditions, driver performance can be radically altered when the voice is simply changed from energetic and upbeat to subdued. Remarkably, changing the tone of a voice can strongly influence the number of accidents, the driver's perceived attention to the road, and the driver's engagement with the car. A key finding here is that the same voice cannot be effective for all drivers. For both actual and perceived performance, upset drivers clearly benefited from a subdued voice, while happy drivers clearly benefited from an energetic voice. This suggests that voices in cars must adapt to their users. This presents two important questions: How can an interface detect driver emotion, and how can that information be used most effectively Wired for Speech Clifford Nass How Voice Vv Voice Activates ar the Human-Computer