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The purpose of data communications is to provide the rules and regulations that allow computers with different disk operating systems, languages, cabling and locations to share resources. Data communication refers to the exchange of information/data between two devices through some form of wired or wireless transmission medium. Data communication includes the transfer of data, the method of transfer and the preservation of the data during the transfer/exchange process. To initiate data communication, the communicating devices should be a part of a data communication system that is formed by the collection of physical equipment’s (hardware) and programs (software). A data communication system has five components namely sender, message, receiver, transmission medium, and protocol are shown in Sender: The sender is the device that sends the data message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, and so on. 2. Message: The message is the information (data) to be communicated. It can consist of text, pictures, sound, or video- or any combination of these. Medium: The transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. It could be a twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, or radio waves. Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that governs data communications. It represents an agreement between the communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be connected but could not communicate. A protocol refers to a set of rules (agreed upon by the sender and the receiver) that coordinates the exchange of information. A protocol is a set of rules that governs data communication. Protocol is very important for networking without protocol communication cannot occur. A protocol is defined as, "a formal set of rules, conventions and data structure that governs how computers and other network devices exchange information over a network. A protocol defines basic elements namely, Syntax (what is to be communicated?) Semantics (how it is to be communicated?) and Timing (when it should be communicated?). 5. Receiver: The receiver is the device that receives the message. It can be computer, workstation, telephone handset, television, and so on.