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Successful chip control Chip control is one of the key factors in turning. There are three principle chip breaking alternatives: Self-breaking (for example, gray cast iron) Breaking against the tool Breaking against the workpiece Self-breaking Breaking against the tool Breaking against the workpiece Factors influencing chip breaking Insert geometry: Based on the width of the chip groove and the micro and macro geometry design, the chip will be more open or compressed Nose radius: A smaller nose radius controls the chip more than a bigger nose radius Entering (lead) angle: Depending on angle, the chip is directed in different ways: toward the shoulder or out from the shoulder Cutting depth: Depending on the workpiece material, a larger cutting depth will influence the chip breaking, leading to greater forces to break and remove the chip Feed: A higher feed will generally create stronger chips. In some cases, it can help chip breaking and chip control Cutting speed: Changing the cutting speed can influence chip breaking performance Material: A short-chipping material (for example, cast iron) is generally easy to machine. Chip breaking is a greater concern for materials with excellent mechanical strength and resistance to creep (the tendency for solids to slowly move or deform under stress), for example, Inconel.