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Decline in agricultural production due to climate change Outbreak of famine in many parts of Europe The continuous occurrence of plague, known as ‘Black Death’ wiped off nearly half of the population of Europe. The crusades shattered many of the feudal lords. The monopoly of gun powder enabled the kings to suppress feudal lords. The new middle class that emerged as a result of the growth of trade also helped the rulers to subdue the feudal lords. The outbreak of many peasant revolts and wars in different parts of Europe weakened the lords and strengthened the authority of the kings.