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Heart of Darkness Marlow:captain of a Belgian steamer and was ordered to reach the Inner Station to retrieve Kurtz, a Company's agent. During the trip:his noble intentions crash whit the brutal situation In the text:After arriving at the Inner station, Marlow decides to have a break and he goes into the forest. Here he hears a mysterious sound. Soon afterwards he understands that it is a place where black men go to die. They are described as inhuman, more similar to ghosts than human beings. Nearby, Marlow sees other dying slaves, who are so tired that he describes them as bundles. As Marlow feels shocked he decides to go back to the station where he meets a white man.The chief Accountant's appearance is almost a vision to him, he looks paradoxically elegant. Themes: -The darkness of the title refers to both the darkness of the colonizers' soul as well as to the darkness of the mysterious and unexplored interior of the African continent. -Attacking King Leopold II of Belgium's commercial activities in Congo,Conrad extended his criticism to the entire European colonialist system. A passage to India Setting:XX century in Chandrapore Adela Quested come from England to decide marry Ronny Heaslop and Mers Moore are just arrived .desire to see “the real India”.they speak whit Dr Aziz. invite them to visit Marabar Caves Journey:Mrs Moore nearly faints in the enclosed space of the caves and Adela suddenly disappears .come back Dr is arrested for assaulting Adela in the cave.there is a trial- Adela change her version Two Year later: Dr Aziz meets Mer Fielding and tell him that only when the English leave India will they be able to be friends. Themes The novel is a criticism of the way the British view and rule India. The English officials are presented as self-righteous,racist bureaucrats who have formally correct relations with Indians but are unable to mix with them socially. Another central theme is the conflict between public and private life. Various characters in the novel try to form friendships or long-lasting relationships,but their attempts are frustrated by the demands of public life and they sacrifice personal desires to their job or social rank. Sons and Lovers . Setting: Nottinghamshire Mrs Morel is married whit a miner ,who turns to drinking and to violence . love for her hsband declines . she turns all her attentio to her four children . William die . depression and neglects . Paul naerly dies of pneumonia that she reverses Paul fall in love whit Miriam . Mrs Morle is jealous and feels that Miriam is trying to take her son away . Paul meets Clara Dawes(suffragette ,and she is separated from her husband) . Paul break up whit Miriam . sexsual relationscip whit Clara . Clara return whit her husband after Mrs Morel die . Paul contemplates suicide but decide to accept life. Themes: The Oedipus complex(Paul and his mother).the bond between mother and son grows stronger and stronger until Paul realizes that his mother's possessiveness is preventing him from developing his sexuality and casts a negative influence on his relationship with women. He starts struggling to break free but he cannot escape his mother's control until she dies. The second coming . In Second Coming Yeats starts from the second coming of Christ announced in the Gospel and from St. John's vision of the coming of the antichrist. Yeats thinks it is the end of an era due to three major events that occurred in the early twentieth century: World War I, the Russian Revolution, and the Civil War in Ireland. The poet conceives his conception of the second coming of Christ according to which history evolves in cycles, each cycle forms a gyre, a gyre ends with the coming of the antichrist. The Waste Land . dominated by confusion,hopelessness and absence of purpose values. - The burial of the dead . aggettivo relativo ,Dante The three stanzas:each part acts as an objective correlative of the lack of spirituality in the contemporary world. Its habitats are half-lives like dried tubers in winter and fear the symbolism of spiritual rebirth with April rains. Eliot refers to Dante and Baudelaire.From Dante, he takes the damned of hell and compares them to the people who walk the streets of London,instead of Baudelaire he refers to the unreal city which for Eliot is inhabited only by ghosts of the past. - The fire sermon :In the passage from the Fire Sermon, the poet personifies Tiresias, the character who links past and present par excellence, the blind prophet of classical mythology who lived life both as a man and as a woman. Having lived both as a man and as a woman and having existed in all times, Tiresias acts as an observer but also as the embodiment of human suffering. Tiresias inserts himself as a critical witness in a line opened by Baudelaire who sees in modernity a place of disaster but also of struggle. Ulysses . Ulisse di Saba Plot: Ulysses tells the story of a day in the life of the advertising salesman Leopold Bloom. During a day in June 1904, the three main characters: Leopold Bloom, his wife Molly and the young Stephen Dedalus, live a sort of personal Odyssey. They wake up, have various meetings, and go to sleep eighteen hours later. The link with the myth: Ulysses is a new form of prose, based on the "mythical method" that allows the author to draw a continuous parallel with the Odyssey. Joyce writes a "modern epic prose", an updated epic in which the myth is overturned and ironized according to modern times and affirmed in an anti-heroic and anti-sublime key. As Ulysses represents the ancient Greek hero and the values of ancient humanity, so Leopold represents the modern man, the common man is the modern hero, whose mediocrity makes him an anti-hero whose anxieties are shown, weaknesses and unresolved contradictions. 1984 di Orwell Setting: World is divided in three mega states: Eurasia,Oceania e Estasia . story take place in London (Oceania) The State is ruled by the Party,whit leader Big Brother . total control of every aspect fo the citizens lives Winston Smith decides to run the risk of defying the powers that be by secretly undertaking two “subversive” acts: writing a diary and loving a woman . Winston and Julia meet O'Brien . he lead them of the Brotherhood(organizzation aimed at bringing down Big Brother) . arrested by Thought Police and brought to the Ministry of Love After month of torture Wilson si finally taken to Room 101, where he meet his worst fear:rats .his spirit is finally broken . Winston is now ready to love Big Brother. Themes: The society imagined by Orwell is a hierarchy at the top of which stands Big Brother ,who is never seen but whose image appears on the omnipresent posters. Society is divided into three segments: the Inner Party or the ruling class,the Outer Party or the educated workers and the Proles,the working class. Connected to propaganda is the manipulation of information and history. Spying on people's lives is the second function of telescreens. Physical repression is brutally exerted through torture and elimination. The only sentiment admitted is love for Big Brother,thus all private human ties are disrupted. Likewise individual freethinking and personal memories are eradicated. BRAVE NEW WORLD Hucely . image a dystopian world . totalitarian regime . controlled people through . with drugs Plot :Set in London in 632 A.F. . after ford society free from : war,hate,poverty and pain . artificially created people . 5 castes: Alfa,Beta, Gamma , Delta and Epsilon . systematically brainwashed . mede superficially . docile citizens New Mexico Savage Reservation . natural world . “savage” . John have a chance to visit London . after the death of his mother . attempts to provoke a revolt.against Mustapha Mond.social stability is more important that freedom because it is necessary for happiness Jhon is unable to confor to the World State's rules . commicted suicide Steinbeck-Grapes of Wrath . In the novel Grapes of Wrath, at the center of the story is the exodus to California of the Joad family, who is a peasant family from Oklahoma impoverished and evicted from their lands due to the Dust Bowl, an ecological disaster caused by sandstorms. The three main themes of the book are the American dream, the fight against injustice and the importance of the family. the American dream, the Joads travel to California to recover their former living conditions, looking for a chance for a minimum wage and some happiness. A crucial theme in the book is the fight against injustice. Small farmers were forced to leave their lands, due to poor soil conditions that resulted in the use of new agricultural vehicles and the dismissal of peasant families to make way for underpaid workers. The last theme is the family, the Joad family on the trip to California seems to be falling apart: the grandparents are dead and some members leave the group, and they know that without the family they will not survive, so they decide to join the Wainwrights family. The strength of the Joads is what gives them the will to continue to persevere. The Great Gatsby . Gaby is a gangster locked up in his own mysterious profession, in a false past from which sometimes the memory of a single pure youthful love emerges. Nick Carraway moves to New York and rents a house on Long Island A neighbor hits Nick, it is precisely the mysterious Jay Gatsby, who lives in a huge and flashy house, filling it every Saturday night with guests at his extravagant parties. However, he lives in desperate loneliness and senseless love for Nick's cousin Daisy. In the setting of a bright and dissatisfied society, where the world of alcohol smugglers mingles with that of bankers and stars, Gatsby desperately pursues this dream of his love for Daisy. His power is now worth nothing, except to arouse sweet madness in both lovers, which will end in tragedy.