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The International Law Commission has not addressed this doctrine in its Draft Articles since this would require staking out substantive obligations of states rather than secondary rules of responsibility. While much remains unclear with regard to the principles governing this type of case, the basic principles have become firm. At a minimum, states are required not to knowingly allow anyone to use the state’s territory to injure other states.54 A special application of that principle is the responsibility of a state to ensure that (private) activities within its jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other states or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.55 With regard to private persons, international law requires states to exercise due diligence in order to prevent the injury of foreign nationals in their territory.56 International human rights law knows an equivalent doctrine. For instance, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has decided that the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights obliges states to exercise due diligence to prevent attacks on a person’s life, physical integrity, or liberty.57 Moreover, states are required to punish any violation of these rights and must attempt, if possible, to restore the right violated and provide compensation for damages resulting from the violation.58 In particular, the application of the doctrine of state responsibility in the human rights context shows the tightrope contemporary international law has to walk. The modern state is expected to respect the basic freedoms of the human person. Accordingly, the state cannot be burdened with too ex