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For custom software, evolution costs often exceed development costs. Why? Because requirements change and evolve all the time. And so must software, as a consequence. What are the attributes of good software? Good software should deliver the required functionality and performance to the user and should be maintainable, dependable and usable. What is the difference between software engineering and computer science? Computer science focuses on theory and fundamentals; software engineering is concerned with the practicalities of developing and delivering useful software. What are the costs of software engineering? Roughly 60% are development costs, 40% are testing costs. Software dependability includes a range of characteristics including reliability. What does this mean? Dependable software should not cause physical or economic damage in the event of system failure. What are the fundamental software engineering activities? Software specification, software development, software validation and software evolution. Ian Sommerville defines Software Engineering as... an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production (from initial conception to operation and maintenance). Ian Sommerville defines Software as... computer programs and associated documentation. What are the key challenges facing software engineering? Sempre maggiore diversità, tempi di consegna sempre più ridotti, software affidale. Software should be maintainable. What does this mean? It means that is must be written in such a way that it can evolve to meet the changing needs of customers. What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering? System engineering is concerned with all aspects of computer-based systems development including hardware, software and process engineering. Software engineering is part of this more general process. What are the best software engineering techniques and methods? While all software projects have to be professionally managed and developed, different techniques are appropriate for different types of system. Software products may be developed for... for the general market or for a particular customer. Software must be acceptable to the type of users for which it is designed. What does this mean? This means that it must be understandable, usable, and compatible with other systems that they use. Compared to the more traditional engineering disciplines, we can say that Software Engineering is... (1 word). young. Software dependability includes a range of characteristics including security, and safety. What does this mean? Software has to be secure so that malicious users cannot access or damage the system. What differences has the Internet made to software engineering? Not only has the Internet led to the development of massive, highly distributed, service-based systems, it has also supported the creation of an "app" industry for mobile devices. Software should be efficient. What does this mean? That it should not make wasteful use of system resources such as memory and processor cycles. Efficiency therefore includes responsiveness, processing time, resource utilization, etc.