Read Aloud the Text Content

This audio was created by Woord's Text to Speech service by content creators from all around the world.

Text Content or SSML code:

Introduction Sometimes you can write or say what you want to express in asingle simple sentence. But many utterances, whether written or spoken, consist of longer stretches of language. Unking Words deals with the words and phases that link one sentence or one clause with another, showing the connections. The term ‘linking word' (or 'Unking adverb') is sometimes narrowly used to mean what we here connectors. This Guide takes awider view and looks at other ‘referring’ words and other ‘linking’ devices. Chapter 1explains the differences between two important kinds of linking words -conjunctions and connectors. Chapter 2concentrates on conjunctions-particularly co-ordinating conjunctions and adverbial conjunctions. It also deals with connectors that have simUar meanings. Chapter 3deals with more connectors, but ones that do not have corresponding conjunctions. Chapter 4describes the links that join relative clauses and noun clauses to their sentences. It also looks at how non-flnlte and verbless clauses are linked to their sentences, often without any linking word. Chapter 5looks at the role of pronouns, determiners, and some other words insofar as they refer to and substitute for other items in written and spoken langu^e. Chapter 6looks at the way nouns are used to refer to other nouns (or noun groups) or to longer pieces of text. Chapter 7concentrates on some informal linking words that are particularly used in conversation. Chapter 8deals with an Important set of adverbs -sentence adjuncts -which grammatically speaking are not linking words at all. They are Included here for two reasons. Firstly, in some gratnmsir books they are lumped with connectors as‘sentenceadverbs’because, like connectors, they serve as asort of comment on awhole sentence, rather than being apart of it But their function and usage is different ffnm that of connectors, and the two types of adverb need to be distinguished. So, secondly, like the strictly linking words described in earlier chapters they act as markers to help the listener or reader follow the discourse more easily. Aset of exercises follows, some consisting of short examples, others of longer pieces of text. All the exercises are based on the linking words and functions discussed in the previous chapters, and can be used in the cl^sroom to reinforce and test students' knowt^ge of this key area of language. An Answer Key is also included, making the exercises ideal for self-study. It is important to realize that many English words and phrases have more than one meaning and more than one grammatical use. This Guide concentrates on linking functions, but many of the words and phrases described can be used in