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Introduction The notion of disaster and its impact carry several meanings . Despite similar damage to disasters, the mechanism to deal with it varies among them. When it comes to a natural disaster, we are dealing here with the unknown element , an earthquake For example, we cannot predict when it will occur or its recurrence . Therefore, we find it difficult to prepare the material for these disasters, since they require constant and high preparation to avoid the greatest damage to them . Economically and resource draining, because we are dealing with the element of the unknown, the matter may differ from human disasters such as wars or fires, or later nuclear disasters such as Chernobyl or Fukushima recently, and although we can calculate the extent of damage caused by human disasters and we can control the extent of it or reduce it, but there is still . The possibility of falling exists, and for a better understanding of the damage that exists for any disaster, it depends on the loss energy resources, water and food sources, as well as the loss of medico-social services, in addition to the shock factor . The psychological damage that affects most of the human elements present in the affected area, including citizens or service workers, and as a result, this civilized breakdown can last for weeks, months or even years (Waitzkin, 2015). The repair of this damage depends on the economic and social capacity of the state, so we will discuss in our subject this one of these damages , is the psychological aspect . Despite the material and economic damage of natural and man-made disasters and their long-term impact on growth and development in the affected area, there is a hidden impact of these problems, which represents an often forgotten and focused time bomb, Rest of the other problems, but they appear clearly in the form of responses Violent act or severe depression, the deterioration of the moral level and the spread of corruption due to the psychological damage of the affected people, but its impact varies from person to person another, depending on the person’s background and proximity to the direct impact of the disaster and the extent to which they receive post-disaster assistance . To understand this more clearly, it is necessary to understand the division of pre-disaster and post-disaster damage . The degree of disaster preparedness in material terms in advance plays a major role in mitigating the impact after the disaster, and the same is true if we can divide our support to deal with the psychological impact pre-disaster and post-disaster, it will It has a huge impact in controlling a latent disaster whose impact can span years or even generations in a way that goes beyond the economic impact . Psychological Effects of Disaster Mental health are related to a large extent; the effects of disasters might have a negative impact on the affected population . Along with the social and economic losses, the individuals and communities experience a mental instability which might precipitate Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Anxiety and Depression in the population. Generally, the disasters are measured by the cost of social and economic damage, but there is no comparison to the emotional sufferings a person undergoes post-disaster . The victims tend to deny the loss and try to escape from reality. Being in a denial state makes the victims more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and other different maladaptive reactions. Home is a place which provides safety and security to the people. But, when the unavoidable situations induced by disaster, damage home, properties other valuable assets, it leads to a feeling of insecurity in the victims. Death of a closed one also leaves the victim in a state of insecurity because the sense of love, attachment and belongingness is deprived. There were various factors which lead to the psychological vulnerabilities of the sufferers such as the displacement of the family, death of a loved one, socio-economic loss, environmental loss, and lack of mental preparedness for disaster, disruption in the family bond, lack of social support and negative coping skills . The psychological effects of the disaster are more drastic among children, women and dependent elderly population. After any sudden disaster or chronic disaster, they become the most vulnerable population. Psychological Effects After Disaster It can be considered that the most vulnerable to major crises after disasters are developing countries, or countries that suffer from economic crises, or traditional or religious concepts that may constitute an obstacle for them to receive psychological support, given that mental health is a secondary matter for them that has no effect according to their concepts . And because of misconceptions and the economic inability to repair the effects of the disaster, the psychological crises on the victims of the disaster are exacerbated, which is the spread of severe and unjustified violence, the high incidence of suicide, drug promotion and the increase in the number of addicts, the increase in rape and murder cases, the loss of motivation for education and the spread of ignorance , motivated by despair and loss of hope of reforming the situation, and accordingly the economic crisis may end, and for you a moral crisis may appear in its place that may deepen in the fabric of society, so that it becomes part of it, if it is not addressed and provided with support in the form of preparation before the disaster, through education And implanting the concept of mental health among members of society and controlling the rates of drug and alcohol addiction, in addition to correcting wrong religious or social concepts by the media and educational and relig ious institutions, and these matters prepare the individual psychologically to bear some psychological trauma after disasters, but it is not enough. The only answer is the preparation for the post-disaster for the cadres working in the field to provide a helping hand to the victims, especially after the first hours of the disaster, where most people are under the impact of shock and may result from They are rowdy and savage behavior as a result of their rush under the influence of survival instincts and nervous shock resulting from physical or psychological pain. We can give examples of the medical impact of post-disaster trauma on some cases such as the Moscow metro accident July 15, 2014 The consequences of such traumas, in the absence of proper psychological support, can manifest themselves in the form of post-stress disorders. In such cases, Dr. Rivkina Natalia recommend ، finding strength in yourself and seeking professional help from a psychotherapist. A qualified specialist will teach you how to cope with the problem, taking into account the characteristics of the individual: any injury must be experienced so that it does not remind of itself in the future. In the days following a disaster, intense reactions can occur that are sometimes more frightening than the disaster itself. Most often, anxiety, fear for one's life, a feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, anger, numbness develop, and pictures of a traumatic situation that have occurred constantly arise. In addition, muscle tension, palpitations, severe weakness and fatigue may appear, sleep is disturbed, and headaches occur. These are perfectly adequate responses to a catastrophic event. They help to adapt and survive what happened. It is very important that after life-threatening events, psychological assistance be provided as soon as possible. This helps to avoid the complications of post-stress disorders in the future.Depending on the type and extent of loss, individuals directly impacted by natural disasters may be feeling a strong sense of grief, panic, loss, fear, and sadness. Difficulties sleeping, anger, irritability, and guilt may also surface. Some who were not severely impacted may feel «survivor’s guilt», overwhelmed by «why them, and not me?» thoughts. However, the majority of individuals who survive natural disasters will ultimately recover without major mental health disturbances, even if they endured spikes in symptoms during or immediately following the disaster.Also find here an article by the University of Houston Natural disasters can be overwhelming and potentially traumatic life experience، Maintaining a connection to others in the aftermath of disaster can be healing for individuals and the community . In addition, although it may be difficult or may evoke feelings of guilt in some, taking time for self-care, such as regular eating, sleep, and exercise, can be key to promoting health and well-being through challenging times. In moments of acute stress or anxiety, deep breathing exercises, journaling, walks, and conversations with supportive others can make a significant difference. Fortunately, individuals and communities generally display tremendous resilience in the aftermath of traumatic events such as natural disasters and most people are able to bounce back after a period of time.However, it is important to note that a relative minority of individuals may suffer longer-term psychological disturbances, lasting beyond the first month or so following a disaster. Since potentially traumatic life events, such as disasters, can be severe life stressors, people may develop a range of psychological disturbances in their aftermath. Posttraumatic stress disorder , depression, anxiety disorders, or substance use are common conditions associated with extreme life stress and/or trauma.