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Module 2 : Basic Information Literacy. Define and articulate the need for information. The Objective is: To identify the format and resources; To plan your research. By the end of this module, you will be able to identify the information needed, seek various resources available and choose the most relevant ones according to your needs. The most important factor in the research process is to define and articulate the need for information. It is divided into two components: Subject & Format. Ask yourself a few questions: What information do you need? For example: Background, statistics, cases, recent. What is your research topic? For example: How does caffeine affect the memory of university students?. What are the keywords and synonyms? In this case: Caffeine, memory, university students. Where and from whom can you gain the information? For example: Health department, university, students, lecturers. How to gain the information? From Interviews, observation, surveys, reading. The data, facts, information and knowledge could be gained, organized, presented and retrieved in different formats: printed, non printed and individual. Printed materials are books, serials, encyclopaedias, brochures, theses, proceedings, etc. Non printed are materials other than printed formats (microfiches, electronic resources, video, film, CD, DVD, etc.) Individual: Tacit knowledge from the experts gained through interview, storytelling, observation, etc. The resources consist of three types: primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary resources consist of original records, First-hands (manuscripts, biographies, surveys, census). Secondary resources are works that interpret, analyse, and assess the primary sources (books, journal articles, magazines, newspapers, webpages). Tertiary resources are Reference works that help you obtain further information (dictionaries, encyclopedias, almanacs, directories, internet, etc.). Plan your research by understanding your topic. Try to: Create question based on the topic. Broaden your research question. Narrow your research topic. Identify your keywords and synonyms. Create question based on the topic. A clear question helps you to select useful information and to know if the information is adequate. Broaden your research question. A broad question helps you to find more information. Narrow your research topic. Try to narrow a question if it is difficult to select the most relevant ones. Limit to a specific population, geographic area, discipline, date range, etc. Identify your keywords and synonyms. Help to locate a better match for your search. The more specific keywords you use, the more specific (and useful) the results will be. You can use the Boolean operators to combine different keywords as well as to further refine the search. Avoid using relationship or judgment words, for example: correlation, better, benefit, advantage. Summary. By the end of this module, you will be able to: Understand the different formats and sources of information; Plan your research by understanding the topic and find the most suitable sources for your research need.