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Again, the master horse’s ignorance of greed both for money and for food/goods—indicates the virtuous character of Houyhnhmn society in comparison to European society. Gulliver continues to portray the European state as a corrupt, immoral institution whose members grasp power by immoral means and retain that power through lies and deception. He has adopted the Houyhnhnm perspective. The master horse, accustomed to his honest society, assumes that noble appearances indicate noble essences. Yet Gulliver, well versed in his own society’s lies and deceit, knows that appearances can perversely contradict essences.