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LINE 8 All bright and glittering in the smokeless air. Line 8 ends the octave, the first section in the Italian sonnet form, and thereby finishes presenting the problem of the poem. It also presents the first fill stop, definitively ending the poem's first sentence. And it reiterates, clarifies, and solidifies the poem’s central image of the city. With “All,” this line refers to everything that came before it. The adjectives “bright” and “glittering,” therefore, apply to the buildings, the fields, and everything else the sunlight touches. The line puts the finishing touch on an image that has been rather laboriously constructed. Unlike the caesura-riddled lines above it, this line flows unbroken, as if it were on display, the final product of a combination of rough images. The clear endstop creates a note of finality, as if underscoring that the speaker's depiction of the city is true and the speaker will entertain no argument to the contrary. Again, this line ends the octave. According to the conventions of the Italian sonnet, that means the “proposition,” or problem, of the poem has by this point been fully presented. The speaker doesn’t express a specific question or problem, but the buildup of contradictions suggests that the city itself is a problem. As such, the reader can expect the sestet (the next six lines) to comment on the contradictory nature of the city. In fact, the final detail, that the air is “smokeless,” shows a way into the sestet: knowing smoke will soon fill the sky, the speaker will spend the final lines recording the impressions left by this moment of fleeting beauty.