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Functions of the skin Sensation, Heat regulation, Absorption, Protection, Excretion, Secretion Definition of Sensation Ability of the skin to feel Definition of Heat Regulation Regulates body temperature to keep it at body temperature of 36-37^c Definition of Absorption The skin absorbs sunlight and moisture ranging from water to creams and antiseptics, absorption happens through pores which are openings in the skin Definition of Protection The skin protects us from invasive bacteria, injury, heat and cold. Protects us with acid mantle which works as a protective coating and skin is also waterproof. Definition of Excretion The skin excretes from the sudoriferous gland through pores, it excretes toxins, waste and sweat. The sweat excreted helps to create acid mantle when mixed with sebum. Definition of Secretion The skin secretes sebum from the sebaceous gland, this sebum mixes with sweat to create the acid mantel. The secretion of sebum also gives the skin a waterproof coating 3 Layers of the skin Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous layer Epidermis The Epidermis is the top layer of the skin, it is made up of 5 cell layers and is the face we represent to the world Dermis The Dermis is the 2nd layer of our skin and is made up of two layers, it lies directly underneath the epidermis and is called the “true skin” Subcutaneous Layer The subcutaneous layer is the bottom layer of our skin it is made up of fatty tissue and protects our bones. It acts as insulation and lies directly underneath the dermis. 5 Layers of Epidermis Stratum Corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Germinativum Stratum Corneum The stratum corneum is the 1st and uppermost layer of the skin, it sheds continuously due to friction of clothes and washing of skin. It is made up of flat deal cells making it the dead surface layer of the skin. It takes approximately one month for the bottom layer of skin to reach the Stratum Corneum layer Stratum Lucidum The stratum lucidum is the second layer within the epidermis, it is only present where skin is thick e.g. soles of feet and palms of hands. The cells within this layer are transparent meaning they aloe light to pass through. Stratum Granulosum The stratum granulosum is the 3rd layer of the epidermis. Cells within this layer start to loose moisture and gradually die as they move their way up to the surface. This layer is thin and may be missing in people with psoriasis. Stratum Spinosum Stratum Spinosum is the 4th layer of skin in the epidermis, it is the living part of the epidermis. Cells within this layer have a spiny/prickly appearance. Melanin granules may enter these cells sometimes. Stratum Germinativum The stratum germinativum is the 5th layer of the epidermis and is the bottom layer. This layer contains melanin and is where cell division takes place. Cells within this layer move upwards, new cells flatten and push up old cells. This layer is fed by basal cells which lay directly underneath. Dermis Layers Papillary layer Reticular layer Papillary layer The Papillary layer sits directly underneath and carries nourishment to the epidermis, it is a shallow layer and is a row of cells which feeds basal cells. Reticular layer The reticular layer makes up most of the Dermis Contains; • Blood Vessels • Veins • Nerves • Hair Follicles • Sudoriferous gland • Sebaceous gland • Muscles