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At the age of 75, Nelson Mandela became the first president of post-apartheid South Africa. A leading anti-apartheid activist, he had been committed to the politics of the African National Congress (ANC) since 1944. At first he supported peaceful resistance, like Gandhi in India. However, when the ANC was banned and he had to go underground, Mandela saw the need to use more violent tactics. He was later sentenced to life imprisonment. For the enemies of the apartheid regime, Mandela becam a symbol of freedom and equality. The following paragraphs from his autobiography 'Long Walk to Freedom' describe some of the many state measures against non-whites and political activists.