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On the 30th of July of the year 2000, the Atlas Five rocket was launched onboard a vehicle to explore the planet Mars. This was done from a US Air Force base remaining after seven months, and after a flight of five hundred million kilometres, the craft entered the orbit of the Red Planet. On the evening of the eighteenth of February of the year 2000, the spacecraft reached its target and succeeded in landing. The whole world was waiting for this result, and the US space agency NASA broadcast this event on its page on the social networking site. We'll start with the fact that landing on Mars is very difficult. This planet has an atmosphere that makes landing nearly impossible. Only forty per cent of missions can be successful. The most difficult stage is the atmospheric penetration stage, which takes about seven minutes, during which the craft loses contact with the Earth. The other problem is finding a suitable landing site because of the difficult terrain there. But modern technology can solve this problem. A modern and advanced vehicle, it is the best vehicle sent by the US Space Agency to space, and it is the ninth spacecraft to successfully land on Mars. The island's Crater area has been selected for the landing craft, and I'll tell you why it was picked later. Now we'll talk about the landing process. Initially, the vehicle was attached to a flying unit that detached from the rocket after it arrived in space. They burned the aviation unit while passing through the atmosphere at a speed of nineteen thousand three hundred and twelve kilometres per hour. After that, a twenty-one-meter diameter parachute was opened to reduce the unit's speed. Those were the moments that matter most to the control room on planet Earth. The unit lost contact with the ground station and reached a temperature of one thousand one hundred degrees Celsius. After successfully passing through the atmosphere, the Aviation Unit began a health survey, using radars to correct its course and determine the appropriate landing point. Then a small craft powered by jet engines was dropped that helped it approach the Martian surface slowly and safely. Then that jet vehicle would lower the Perseverance Rover spacecraft onto the surface by ropes. At that time, the speed would be close to three kilometres per hour. To prevent the jet from crashing onto the Perseverance Rover, the jet flies away and falls at a safe distance. Millions of people are watching the event live, but the broadcast is three minutes late because the signals take time to arrive from Mars. They equipped the vehicle with about twenty-three microphones and cameras, which were supposed to allow humanity to observe the event with sound and image. But the ground station lost contact with the vehicle during the landing process. But that did not diminish the importance of this historic moment. It should be noted that the Perseverance Rover spacecraft is very similar to its previous counterpart, Curiosity, which has been operating on Mars for eight years, but there are some differences, for example, the new spacecraft has a mechanical arm because its size is smaller. Sampling is installed directly in the vehicle. And the interior space of the vehicle is used to store these samples. Another innovation added to Perseverance Rover is the Ingenuity, the first drone on Mars. The aircraft was designed with an axis that carries two helicopters, each one meter and two hundred centimetres in diameter, and they can rotate at one thousand four hundred revolutions per minute, much faster than the regular plane on the planet. This should help you fly in the harsh weather conditions on Mars. The aircraft weighs eighteen kilograms and can cover a distance of six hundred meters in two or three minutes. The maximum flight height is five meters, and the aircraft is supported by solar panels to provide energy to the aircraft which are currently installed under the vehicle. It should start flying in about two months. The main mission of the Stearns rover is to search for life on Mars, or more precisely, to search for bacterial life because, according to scientists, there was life on this planet about four billion years ago when water was present. The atmosphere is being studied to investigate the possibility of obtaining oxygen from the carbon dioxide present in the air of Mars. The craft has also been assigned one of the most complex tasks in the history of astronomy, which is the task of sending soil samples back to Earth for study by scientists. We will now return to the landing site. The Crater Islands region was chosen because scientists have hypotheses that that lowland region was bewildering earlier, meaning that its clay soil would bear many traces of life. The Perseverance Rover spacecraft will collect soil samples and store them in sealed metal tubes, and after a few years, another craft will land on Mars and its goal is to collect those samples and transport them to Earth. The next vehicle hasn't got its name yet, but scientists say it will be ready by the year two thousand and twenty-eight. But why isn't the Perseverance Rover spacecraft used to transport these samples? The reason is simple. Scientists fear that by the time they bring the samples to Earth, the Perseverance Rover will be inoperable. The craft is designed to be able to operate for fourteen years, but with the harsh conditions on Mars, this is difficult to achieve and if the situation continues as it is, the Perseverance Rover spacecraft will complete its mission by the year two thousand and thirty-one. During this period, we expect from it many amazing pictures that will lead scientists to advanced scientific discoveries. We will try to keep them informed of all developments in this case.